The Cochin/Hôtel-Dieu Hospital Group results from the merger in January 2011 of Cochin opened in 1780 and Hôtel-Dieu, the most ancient hospital of Paris created in 651. It is a 1500 bed facility, with more than 7000 employees, including 1000 physicians. The organization of cancer and development of cancer research is the leading project of the Cochin/Hôtel-Dieu hospital. An oncology department leaded by Prof. F. Goldwasser was created in June 2011. This department deals with urology, digestive, liver and endocrine surgeries, dermatology, hepatology, gastroenterology, haematology, medical oncology and palliative care. In 2016, 6659 cancer patients were admitted in 2016 (>24h stays), among whom 4416 were new patients.

The Cochin/Hôtel-Dieu hospital ranks No. 3 in France for lung cancer surgery (1^st among AP-HP hospitals in 2015), No. 1 among AP-HP hospital and among all hospitals in France for bone and soft tissue surgery (2015) and No. 4 in France (2nd in AP-HP in 2015) for urological surgery (prostate, bladder, kidney). The Cochin/Hôtel-Dieu hospital also stands out for the treatment of rare gynaecological tumors, endocrine tumors, melanoma, adult hematology, and sarcomas. An experimental pluridisciplinary outpatient unit is dedicated to the evaluation of patient requirements and treatment risks: the ARIANE center develops integrative medicine including

• professionals dedicated to patient requirements (social workers, psychologists, dieticians, pain and palliative medical doctors),
• nurses dedicated to the coordination of the overall trajectory of the patient outside the hospital,
• medical specialists (cardiologist, anesthesiologist, geriatrist, diabetologist, and medical oncologist) required for the careful evaluation of treatment risks in vulnerable patients with comorbidities.

A specific pluridisciplinary staff provides the medical synthesis and recommendations on a weekly basis. Major programs include:

• treatment education and follow-up,
• decision-making in non-curable cancer diseases,
• follow-up of patients under treatment with anti-angiogenic therapies.

The clinical activities are supported by the department of Pathology (Prof. B. Terris, Prof. D. Damotte) and by the hematology laboratory, which is a reference center for myeloid malignancies. Prof. Damotte is the coordinator of the National study of bone marrow biopsies (GEBOM). A translational research platform with all required research facilities has been created in the recently renovated Jean Dausset building. This includes the next generation sequencing platform connected to the Paris Descartes bioinformatics platform, a multicolor flow cytometry platform and a pluridisciplinary platform dedicated to anticancer drug monitoring in preclinical studies. In particular, this team was amongst the first to routinely:

• measure the concentrations of sunitinib, sorafenib, erlotinib in biological fluids,
• set up therapeutic drug monitoring,
• determine the pharmacokinetics of a range of antineoplastics.

This platform offers a large range of assays for other anticancer drugs such as methotrexate, mitotane and its metabolites, tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib, sunitinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, vemurafenib, pazopanib and mTOR inhibitors (sirolimus, everolimus). The laboratory helps the clinician in its management of patient care and develops models of population pharmacokinetics.

Physicians are currently leading more than 75 clinical trials for adult cancers. Special attention is paid to early clinical trials (currently about 15 open phase 1 and 2 trials).

Furthermore, the Cochin/Hôtel-Dieu hospital group benefits from an outstanding environment for basic and translational programs through the “Cochin Institute” (https://www.institutcochin.fr) which is dedicated to basic research, led by Pierre-Olivier Couraud, affiliated to INSERM, CNRS and Paris Descartes University. Created in 2002, the Cochin Institute currently hosts 38 teams (organized in 3 research departments: (1) Development, Reproduction, Cancer, (2) Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes and (3) Infection, Immunity, Inflammation. Six teams involved in

• endocrine tumors and signalization,
• oxidative stress, cell proliferation and inflammation,
• normal and pathological hematopoiesis,
• oncogenesis of digestive epithelium,
• lymphocyte activation and immunological synapse participate to the present SIRIC project.

The Cochin Institute has set-up 8 core facilities including genomics, proteomics, cell sorting and immunobiology, electron or 2-photon microscopies, small animal intravital imaging, laser microdissection and homologous recombination dedicated to basic and biomedical research.